• Genocide is ongoing in Sudan. The UAE-backed Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia are committing war crimes and crimes against humanity across Darfur and Kordofan, including mass killings, rape as a weapon of war, starvation sieges, drone strikes, and forced displacement.
• Al-Fashir was devastated in days. At least 6,000 civilians were killed within the first 3–6 days of the October 2025 invasion. Survivor accounts and local estimates indicate the real toll may be three to four times higher, with mass graves documented and thousands still missing.
• Ethnic cleansing is deliberate. In Dar Zaghawa, Dar Massalit, and Al-Fashir, specific communities have been systematically targeted and forcibly displaced to permanently alter the region’s demographics.
• Tina (North Darfur) has faced repeated drone strikes carried out by the UAE-backed RSF, targeting civilian neighbourhoods and triggering mass displacement.
• A cross-border military network is fuelling the war. Evidence indicates the existence of RSF-linked training sites and weapons supply routes in Ethiopia, Libya, Chad, Puntland (Somalia), and Kenya, facilitating arms transfers, mercenary recruitment, and drone operations. Strategic drones have also reportedly been launched from inside Ethiopia to carry out attacks within Sudan, constituting a clear violation of Sudan’s sovereignty and reflecting regional involvement in this genocidal war against the Sudanese people.
• The UAE must be named and confronted. As the principal financier and enabler of the RSF, the UAE bears responsibility. The RSF must be designated a terrorist organisation, and accountability must extend to those funding and sustaining these crimes.
A Deliberate Campaign of Genocide
What is unfolding in Sudan is not an internal political dispute, nor a spontaneous collapse of order. It is a deliberate, organised campaign of mass violence carried out by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia and directly enabled by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Across Darfur, Kordofan, and beyond, civilians are subjected to systematic killings, rape used as a weapon of war, forced displacement, starvation sieges, drone attacks, and targeted ethnic cleansing. This is not post-conflict suffering. It is an ongoing genocidal campaign.
Al-Fashir: From Sanctuary to Mass Grave
Al-Fashir, once a refuge for displaced civilians, endured nearly two years of siege before a full-scale invasion in late October 2025. Within the first days of the assault, at least 6,000 civilians were killed. Survivor testimonies and local documentation suggest the actual number may be several times higher.
Mass graves have been documented across and around the city. Thousands remain missing. Entire neighbourhoods were destroyed. Survivors report detention sites, enforced disappearances, sexual violence, and starvation used as collective punishment.
Al-Fashir is not an isolated case. The same methods have been deployed in El-Obeid, Al-Dalanj, Kadugli, and other towns across North, West, and South Kordofan. Sieges escalate into invasions. Civilian areas are shelled. Communities are erased.
The violence continues.
Ethnic Cleansing as Policy
In North Darfur, particularly in Dar Zaghawa, villages and towns have been deliberately targeted with heavy weapons and ground assaults. Civilians are killed or expelled solely on the basis of ethnicity, in a calculated attempt to permanently alter demographic realities.
This pattern mirrors what occurred in Dar Massalit in West Darfur, where systematic attacks resulted in mass graves and the destruction of entire communities. Similar ethnic targeting accompanied the siege and invasion of Al-Fashir.
These are not incidental excesses of war. They are elements of a structured project of territorial control through ethnic purification.
Cities Turned into Open-Air Prisons
Wherever the UAE-backed RSF occupies territory, civilian life collapses. Entire towns function as open-air prisons.
Reports from occupied areas describe:
• Mass detentions in improvised facilities
• Torture and enforced disappearances
• Families held for ransom
• Systematic sexual violence
• Starvation imposed as a tool of control
Every checkpoint becomes a barrier to freedom. Every civilian becomes a hostage. This is not chaos; it is organised repression.
Drone Warfare and the Targeting of Tina
The town of Tina in North Darfur has endured repeated drone strikes attributed to the UAE-backed RSF militia. Civilian neighbourhoods and populated areas have been hit, causing deaths, severe injuries, and widespread displacement.
The use of drone warfare against civilian communities represents a significant escalation. It combines aerial terror with siege tactics and ethnic targeting to render civilian life impossible and force population flight.
Cross-Border Militarisation
Evidence increasingly points to an organised regional infrastructure sustaining the RSF’s operations.
Reports indicate:
• RSF-linked training facilities inside Ethiopia
• Arms supply routes through Libya and Chad
• Logistical and transit networks connected to Puntland (Somalia) and Kenya
• Recruitment and training of foreign mercenaries
Such cross-border militarisation cannot operate without state-level coordination and financing. These networks have enabled weapons transfers, drone deployment, and sustained attacks inside Sudan.
This is no longer a contained domestic conflict. It is a regionalised war infrastructure.
The Role of the United Arab Emirates
The RSF does not function independently. Its capacity to deploy heavy weapons, operate drones, maintain detention systems, and sustain multi-front warfare depends on external financing, arms transfers, logistical support, and political protection.
The UAE is not a peripheral actor. It is the principal enabler of the RSF.
Failure to name this reality has allowed the genocide to continue. Diplomatic caution has translated into operational impunity. Silence has enabled atrocity.
A Humanitarian Catastrophe of Design
Sudan is facing one of the world’s gravest humanitarian disasters.
Millions face acute food insecurity. Healthcare infrastructure has collapsed. Hospitals have been destroyed or forced to shut down. Aid convoys are blocked. Starvation is weaponised particularly in Darfur and Kordofan.
Women, children, and the elderly endure displacement without protection. Entire communities remain trapped under shelling and siege.
This catastrophe is not accidental. It is the direct outcome of a militia-led genocidal campaign sustained by the UAE.
A Collective Responsibility
The international community must move beyond statements of concern. Concrete action is required:
• Officially designate the RSF as a terrorist organisation
• Publicly name and confront the UAE as the principal enabler
• Impose targeted sanctions on entities financing militia operations
• Halt arms transfers and drone supply chains
• Support legal accountability through international mechanisms
• Ensure immediate and unrestricted humanitarian access
Genocide does not end through observation. It ends through decisive action.
Conclusion
Sudan stands as a warning.
When militias are legitimised, they multiply.
When genocide is ignored, it spreads.
When destabilisation succeeds in one country, it is exported to others.
The people of Sudan are paying with their lives, their dignity, and their future.
Confronting this reality is not only a moral obligation, it is a strategic necessity for regional and global stability.
Darfur Union in the UK
Justice, Accountability, and the Protection of Civilians in Sudan
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